以下英语文献由百度翻译：

热门问题：白癜风是遗传性疾病吗？Is vitiligo genetically transmitted disease?

热门回答：      
Update Insert: After leaving my initial “yes” reply which is a bit different as it happened in my late 40’s, and was another auto-immune condition for me on my cheecks only, I also mentioned a Clinical Trial I had read of an “already existing medication” having astonishing results for Vitiligo. I was going to edit as I run long. But I read everyone else’s replies first. I saw how many people suffered, and did not see anyone with knowledge of good news on the horizon.

更新插页：在留下我初的“是”的回答后，我还提到了一项，我读到一种“已经存在的药物”对白癜风有着人的，这与我40多岁时的回答有点不同，这是我脸上的另一种免疫状况。我打算边跑边编辑。但我先看了其他人的回复。我看到有多少人受苦受难，却没有看到任何人知道即将到来的好消息。

After reading the hopeless acceptance, awful people treating sufferers like subhumans (ggrrh!) I erased the rust of my personal story and am just pasting several trials of new medications that are working so you can see and have hope as results are real and they are here. One of two has pictures. I will try to paste a third, but must run. I will return and add more, and find the drug used I read about first, as I recall the results were instants or pretty darned close.

在阅读了《无可救药的接受，可怕的人把病人当作非人对待》（ggrrh！）之后，我抹去了我个人故事中的锈迹，只是粘贴了一些的，这些正在发挥作用，这样你就可以看到并有希望，因为结果是真实的，它们就在这里。其中一个有照片。我将尝试粘贴三个，但必须运行。我将返回并添加更多内容，并找到我阅读的药物，因为我记得结果是瞬间或非常接近。

For the people (which seem mainly woman?) I have seen with this condition affect their arms, their face… And people with more natural pigmentation of course have higher contrast thus more idiots staring at them…I still see their beauty and cohesive look as many people must. However, I have read some heartbreaking accounts about their life experiences first-hand. The depression, hiding, shame, idiots, cruelty. It was much worse than I every imagined. You are loved. Your Vitiligo is not offensive. The spots on my cheeks: Yes idiots see them as make-up does not totally cover and same idiots end up sticking fingertips in my face in those spots “Hey you duh a’aint got color duhhh” Me: Jack=== get your grubby e-coli infested hands and fingers off my face. We all know you don’t wipe properly. So my suffering is .0005% to yours. It sounds like 7 years old was a common time to be afflicted. I was in my 40’s. And yes, people as a majority: children and adults are cruel, cruel idiots.

对于那些人（主要是女性？），我看到这种情况影响了他们的手臂、面部……自然色素沉着的人当然有更高的对比度，因此有更多的白痴盯着他们看……我仍然看到他们的美丽和内聚的容貌，这是许多人必须看到的。然而，我读到一些关于他们生活经历的令人心碎的报道。抑郁，隐藏，羞耻，白痴，残忍。这比我想象的要糟糕得多。你被爱着。你的白癜风并不令人讨厌。我脸颊上的斑点：是的，白痴们把它们看作是化妆品不能遮盖，同样的白痴们把指尖贴在我脸上的那些斑点上“嘿，你没有染上颜色，对吧”我：杰克===把你肮脏的大肠杆菌感染的手和手指从我脸上拿开。我们都知道你擦得不好。所以我的痛苦是你的.0005%。听起来7岁是一个受折磨的常见时间。我那时40多岁。是的，大多数人：儿童和成人都是残忍、残忍的白痴。

Yale dermatologists successfully restore skin color in vitiligo patients

耶鲁皮肤科医生恢复白癜风患者的肤色

By Ziba Kashef

齐巴·卡舍夫

january 31, 2018

2018年1月31日

Building on prior research that examined the use of an arthritis medication to treat vitiligo, a team of Yale dermatologists has successfully applied a novel combination therapy — the medication and light — to restore skin color in patients.

耶鲁大学的一个皮肤科小组在先前关节炎药物治疗白癜风的基础上，地应用了一种新的联合——药物和光线——来恢复患者的肤色。

The study, led by associate professor of dermatology Brett King, M.D., was published in JAMA Dermatology on January 31, 2018.

该由皮肤病学副Brett King医学领导，于2018年1月31日发表在《医学会皮肤病杂志》上。

King and his colleagues reported two cases of patients with significant loss of skin color from vitiligo, a chronic autoimmune disease that destroys skin pigment, leaving white splotches where there had been color. For King’s patients, standard treatments, such as steroid creams and light treatment, had failed to restore pigmentation. To address these difficult cases, the research team combined the medication, tofacitinib, with narrow band ultraviolet B light therapy. In recent experiments, King and Dr. John Harris, a dermatologist at University of Massachusetts-Worcester, had shown that tofacitinib keeps the immune system from attacking the skin cells that manufacture melanin pigment (color), and light stimulates pigment-making cells to restore color to the skin.

金和他的同事报告了两例因白癜风（一种破坏皮肤色素的慢性自身免疫性疾病，在有颜色的地方留下白色斑点）而导致皮肤颜色丧失的患者。对于King's患者，标准治疗，如类固醇乳膏和轻度治疗，未能恢复色素沉着。为了解决这些困难的病例，团队将药物托法替尼与窄波段紫外线B光相结合。在近的实验中，麻州大学伍斯特的皮肤科医生King和John Harris已经证明，托福替尼可以防止免疫系统攻击制造黑色素（肤色）的皮肤细胞，并且光刺激色素使细胞恢复皮肤颜色。

After a few months of the combination therapy, there was remarkable improvement, report the researchers: One patient saw near-total restoration of skin color on her face, neck, chest, forearms, and shins. The other patient experienced similar success.

人员报告说，经过几个月的联合治疗后，情况有了改善：一名患者的面部、颈部、胸部、前臂和小腿的肤色几乎恢复。另一名患者也取得了类似的。

Left to right: Dr. King’s vitiligo patient at the beginning of treatment, and at three and six months later.

从左到右：金的白癜风患者在治疗开始时，以及三个月和六个月后。

While more research is needed, the study highlights another advance by the Yale team in treating this and other stigmatizing skin conditions. “These findings will define treatment of vitiligo in the future,” King said.

虽然还需要更多的，但这项强调了耶鲁大学小组在治疗这种和其他侮辱性皮肤病方面的另一项进展。金说：“这些发现将确定未来白癜风的治疗方法。”。

Other Yale authors are Sa Rang Kim, Henry Heaton, and Lucy Y. Liu. King has served on advisory boards or is a consultant for Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Concert Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Pfizer Inc.

耶鲁大学的其他作家还有金萨朗、亨利·希顿和露西·Y·刘。King曾在咨询任职，或是Celgene、礼来公司、Concert Pharmaceuticals Inc.和辉瑞公司的。

2. New Treatment Could Be 'Breakthrough' for Vitiligo

2.新可能是白癜风的“”

By Serena Gordon

瑟琳娜·戈登

HealthDay Reporter

健康日报记者

MONDAY, Feb. 5, 2018 (HealthDay News) -- Doctors have discovered a combination of treatments that can return color to skin that has been lightened by vitiligo -- the skin disease that turned Michael Jackson's skin white.

2018年2月5日，星期一（每日健康新闻）--医生们发现了一种组合，可以使因白癜风而变白的皮肤恢复颜色。白癜风是一种使迈克尔·杰克逊的皮肤变白的皮肤病。

The new therapy includes the oral medication Xeljanz (tofacitinib) -- a drug already approved for use in rheumatoid arthritis patients that dampens the body's immune response -- and ultraviolet-B light therapy.

新包括口服药物Xeljanz（托法替尼）——一种已经批准用于类风湿性关节炎患者的药物，可以抑制人体免疫反应——和紫外线-B光。

The combination has only been used on two vitiligo patients, but according to a study author, the results have been dramatic.

这种联合只在两名白癜风患者身上使用过，但据一位作者说，非常。

Experts add, however, that the findings need to be duplicated in studies with larger groups of people.

然而，补充说，这些发现需要在更大人群的中重复。

The treatment produces "results that are impossible to achieve with common therapies," said Dr. Brett King, an associate professor of dermatology at Yale University School of Medicine.

耶鲁大学医学院皮肤病学副布雷特·金说，这种产生了“普通无法达到的”。

"I think this is a breakthrough in vitiligo treatment," he added.

“我认为这是白癜风治疗的一个，”他补充道。

One of King's vitiligo patients, Shahanaj Akter, agreed.

国王的白癜风患者之一沙哈纳吉·阿克特（Shahanaj Akter）表示同意。

"My skin is so much better. I can use make-up and it blends nicely. I am so excited," she said.

她说：“我的皮肤好多了。我可以使用化妆品，而且很好地混合。我很兴奋。”。

Akter, 34, first noticed a white patch of skin above her eyebrow on her normally brown skin while she was pregnant in her 20s. That patch grew bigger and bigger, and then white patches showed up on her hands and neck.

34岁的阿克特在20多岁怀孕时，次注意到她平时棕色皮肤上眉毛上方有一块白色皮肤。那个补丁越来越大，然后白色的补丁出现在她的手和脖子上。

Vitiligo is a skin condition that causes white patches of skin to appear on various parts of the face and body, according to the Vitiligo Research Foundation (VRF). The disorder can also cause hair to lose its pigment and turn white. The condition can affect people of any race, but is more noticeable in people with darker skin and hair.

据白癜风会（VRF），白癜风是一种皮肤状态，它会导致脸部和身体的各个部位出现白色斑块。这种疾病还会导致头发失去色素而变白。这种情况可以影响任何种族的人，但在皮肤和头发较黑的人中更为。

General vitiligo is believed to be an autoimmune condition, which means the immune system mistakenly attacks pigment-producing cells (melanocytes).

一般白癜风被认为是一种自身免疫性疾病，这意味着免疫系统会错误地攻击产生色素的细胞（黑素细胞）。

The condition affects up to 2 percent of the world's population, according to the VRF.

据VRF的数据，这种情况影响到上多达2%的人口。

Vitiligo is not contagious. But King said people are often concerned when they see people with vitiligo on their hands. He said patients have told him that cashiers sometimes ask them to put money or credit cards down on the counter so they don't have to touch their hands.

白癜风是不会传染的。但金说，当人们看到手上有白癜风的人时，他们往往会感到担心。他说，病人告诉他，收银员有时会要求他们把钱或信用卡放在柜台上，这样他们就不必碰自己的手。

"Vitiligo affects the way the world interacts with you. It can be frustrating and embarrassing, and for some, it leads to clinical depression and anxiety," King said.

金说：“白癜风会影响与你互动的方式。它可能会令人沮丧和尴尬，对一些人来说，它会导致抑郁症和焦虑。”。

Akter was living in her native country of Bangladesh when her condition first began, and vitiligo carries even more of a stigma there. Some people said unkind things to her.

阿克特的病情刚开始时住在她的孟加拉国，而白癜风在那里更是一种耻辱。有些人对她说了不友好的话。

"I cried a lot. I wanted to be my color again," she said.

她说：“我哭了很多，我想再次成为我的颜色。”。

To that end, Akter tried treatment after treatment in Bangladesh and then in the United States. Some therapies caused intolerable side effects, and none brought the results she was hoping for.

为此，阿克特先后在孟加拉国和进行了一次又一次的治疗。有些产生了难以忍受的，但没有一种能达到她所希望的。

"It was terrible. I tried so many things," she said.

“太糟糕了。我尝试了很多东西，”她说。

That's when King suggested she try the new combination therapy.

这时金建议她尝试新的联合。

At the time of treatment, Akter had white patches on about three-quarters of her face. She also had patches on her neck, chest, forearms, hands and shins. She was given 5 milligrams of tofacitinib twice daily, and full body UV-B light therapy twice weekly.

在治疗时，阿克特大约四分之三的脸上都有白斑。她的脖子、胸部、前臂、手和小腿上也有补丁。她每天两次服用5毫克的托法替尼，每周两次身UV-B光。

After three months, Akter's face was almost completely free of white patches. About 75 percent of her neck, chest, forearms and shins were re-pigmented with color. Her hands had only minimal freckling.

三个月后，阿克特的脸几乎没有白斑。大约75%的颈部、胸部、前臂和胫骨重新着色。她的手上只有轻微的雀斑。

How does this treatment work?

这种治疗是如何起作用的？

Dr. Seemal Desai, a clinical assistant professor of dermatology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, explained it this way: "The immune system is attacking the melanocytes, so they go into hiding. Tofacitinib tells them it's OK to come out of hiding, and the UV light brings them out of hibernation."

达拉斯德克萨斯大学西南医学中心皮肤科助理Seemal Desai解释道：“免疫系统正在攻击黑素细胞，所以它们躲藏起来。Tofacitinib告诉他们，躲藏起来是可以的，紫外线会使它们冬眠。”

King and his colleagues also reported on a white man in his 50s who had long-standing vitiligo. He had previously received treatment to remove all pigment so he would be uniformly white. But he still had patches of whiter skin on 90 percent of his face. He also had patches on his torso and arms.

金和他的同事还报道了一位50多岁的白人长期患有白癜风。他之前接受过去除所有色素的治疗，这样他就可以均匀地变白。但他90%的脸上仍然有白斑。他的躯干和手臂上也有补丁。

After three months of treatment on his face, he had about 50 percent re-pigmentation. After six months, he had about 75 percent re-pigmentation of his face. King was surprised at how effective the treatment was because the man had previously undergone chemical destruction of the pigment cells.

经过三个月的面部治疗，他大约有50%的色素沉着。六个月后，他脸上大约75%的色素重染。金对这种治疗的感到讶，因为这个人以前曾经历过色素细胞的化学破坏。

Desai said the findings "look promising, and that new treatment options are great."

德赛说，这一发现“看起来很有希望，而且新的治疗方案很好。”

But, he added, this study needs to be replicated in a larger group of people.

但是，他补充说，这项需要在更大的人群中重复。

And he noted that right now, people will likely have a hard time getting reimbursed for tofacitinib because it's not approved for treating vitiligo. He didn't know exact costs but said the drug is quite expensive. Estimates put the drug's price tag at roughly $2,000 a month.

他还指出，目前，人们很难获得托法西汀的，因为它不被批准用于治疗白癜风。他不知道确切的费用，但说这种药很贵。据估计，该药的价格约为每月2000美元。

Both King and Desai said the drug seems to be well tolerated. King said he doesn't know how long people would need to take the drug, but suspects some would be on it long-term, possibly for life.

金和德赛都说这种药似乎耐受性很好。金说，他不知道人们需要服用这种药物多久，但他怀疑有些人可能会长期服用，甚至终生服用。

Details of the cases were published online Jan. 31 in a research letter in the journal JAMA Dermatology.

这些病例的详细信息于1月31日发表在《医学会皮肤病学》杂志的一封信中。

WebMD News from HealthDay

来自健康日的WebMD新闻

SourcesCopyright © 2013-2018 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SourcesCopyright©2013-2018健康日。版权所有。

3. "Speaking of Vitiligo..."

3.“说到白癜风……”

Afamelanotide tested as a new treatment for vitiligo

阿法莫拉诺作为白癜风的一种新

Posted On: Sunday, September 21, 2014Posted By: John E. Harris

发布日期：2014年9月21日星期日发布人：约翰·E·哈里斯

A report was recently published describing a study to test the ability of afamelanotide to improve the response of vitiligo patients to narrow band ultraviolet light B (nbUVB) phototherapy. In short, the treatment worked. I was not personally involved in conducting the study, but I know the study authors personally, and they are great doctors who are well-known vitiligo specialists.

近发表了一份报告，描述了一项测试阿法莫尼特改善白癜风患者对窄带紫外线B（nbUVB）光疗反应能力的。简言之，这种治疗有效。我个人并没有参与这项，但我个人认识这项的作者，他们是伟大的医生，是的白癜风。

The successful treatment of vitiligo requires suppression of the autoimmune response, followed by regrowth of melanocytes back into the white skin to produce pigment and reverse the white spots. Afamelanotide, produced by Clinuvel, is a synthetic, simplified form of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH), which is a natural hormone produced in the skin that stimulates melanocytes to grow and produce melanin pigment. Narrow band UVB suppresses the autoimmune response in the skin and stimulates the melanocyte to start regrowing into the white skin. The authors reasoned that adding afamelanotide to nbUVB treatment would speed up the process of repigmentation by stimulating the melanocytes to regrow and produce melanin faster.

白癜风的治疗需要抑制自身免疫反应，然后黑素细胞回白色皮肤，产生色素并逆转白斑。阿法莫拉诺肽由克林维尔生产，是一种合成的简化形式的α-黑素细胞刺激激素（a-MSH），是一种在皮肤中产生的激素，刺激黑素细胞生长并产生黑色素。窄带UVB抑制皮肤中的自身免疫反应，刺激黑素细胞开始到白色皮肤中。作者推断，在nbUVB治疗中加入阿法莫特会刺激黑色素细胞并更快地产生黑色素，从而加快色素再着色的过程。

Patients who entered the study were randomized into either nbUVB treatment 2-3 times per week alone, or combined treatment with nbUVB and afamelanotide. Those in the combined treatment group started with 1 month of nbUVB and then received an implant that contained 16 mg of afamelanotide deep in their skin, just above their hip, and nbUVB treatment was continued. The drug diffused out into the entire body, providing a stimulus for all of the melanocytes in the patient’s skin. A new implant was inserted every month for 3 more months, and the amount of repigmentation of the white spots was measured.

进入的患者被随机分为两组，一组为nbUVB治疗组，每周单治疗2-3次，另一组为nbUVB和阿法美拉诺联合治疗组。联合治疗组的受试者开始接受1个月的nbUVB治疗，然后接受一种植入物，该植入物在其臀部上方的皮肤深处含有16毫克阿法美拉诺，nbUVB治疗继续进行。该药物扩散到身，刺激患者皮肤中的所有黑素细胞。每月植入一个新的植入物，持续3个月，并测量白斑的再着色量。

The results show that subjects who received afamelanotide in addition to nbUVB therapy regained their pigment faster and to a greater extent than the ones who only received nbUVB therapy. The pigment came back on average 20 days sooner with the afamelanotide, and more pigment returned as well. It worked best for those with darker skin. There were some side effects of the treatment – all of the subjects that received afamelanotide developed darker skin, and 2 of the subjects quit the study because of this. Nausea was reported in 18% and fatigue in 11% of those who were treated with the drug. Some are concerned about the effect of afamelanotide on moles and an increased risk for melanoma, although there was no evidence of changing moles in this study, and there is no evidence of increased risk of melanoma to date.

结果表明，与仅接受nbUVB治疗的受试者相比，在nbUVB治疗的同时接受阿法莫拉诺治疗的受试者恢复色素的速度更快，程度更大。使用阿法莫拉诺肽后，色素平均提前20天恢复，而且更多的色素也恢复了。它适合肤色较深的人。治疗有一些——所有接受阿法莫拉诺治疗的受试者的皮肤都变黑了，其中两名受试者因此退出了。18%的患者出现恶心，11%的患者出现疲劳。一些人担心阿法莫拉诺对痣的影响和黑色素瘤风险的增加，尽管本中没有证据表明痣发生变化，也没有证据表明黑色素瘤风险增加。

It is currently not known whether using a larger dose of afamelanotide, using it more frequently, or using it for a longer period of time would produce even better results. The authors didn’t test whether afamelanotide would work on its own, without nbUVB. More studies will be required to determine this, but this certainly looks like a good start!

目前尚不清楚是否使用大剂量的阿法美拉诺肽、更频繁地使用阿法美拉诺肽或更长时间使用阿法美拉诺肽会产生更好的。作者没有测试在没有nbUVB的情况下，阿法美拉诺肽是否能立发挥作用。需要更多的来确定这一点，但这显然是一个良好的开端！

4. 5 THINGS TO KNOW VITILIGO RESEARCH AND TREATMENTS IN 2018

4.2018年白癜风和治疗的五件事

JAN 25, 2018

2018年1月25日

BY ERIKA PAGE

埃里卡·佩奇

IN NEWS

新闻中

7 COMMENTS

7评论

What’s the latest in vitiligo research and treatments? Living Dappled had the chance to find out in its first episode of “Ask the Experts” featuring Dr. John Harris, Director of the University of Massachusetts Vitiligo Clinic and Research Center.

白癜风和治疗的进展是什么？住在麻州大学的白癜风诊所和中心John Harris的集“活”。

Hosted on Living Dappled’s Facebook, the live interview highlighted five things to know about vitiligo research and treatments in 2018. A scientist and dermatologist, Dr. Harris called in from his office in the Worcester, Massachusetts research center and even gave a surprise tour at the end of the interview.

在Living Dappled的Facebook上，这场现场采访了2018年白癜风和治疗需要了解的五件事。身为科学家和皮肤科医生的哈里斯从位于马萨诸塞州伍斯特中心的办公室打来电话，甚至在采访结束时进行了一次喜之旅。

Find out what we learned from Dr. Harris below and view the video below to catch the full interview.

了解我们从下面的哈里斯那里学到的知识，并观看下面的视频以获取完整的采访。

#1 Research In Vitiligo Has Been Going On For Over 2,000 Years

#白癜风的已经进行了2000多年

Over 2,000 years ago, patients in India were told to chew bavachee seeds and sit out in the sun. The seeds contained psoralen, a chemical used in a modern treatments for vitiligo. So while 2,000 years ago, people knew about vitiligo and were interested in treating it, it took another couple thousand years to for doctors and scientists to find out how it works and make treatment more efficient. The modern era of research started about 70 years ago when a couple of doctors and researchers took psoralen as a chemical and gave it to patients as a topical solution on the skin or as a pill and then gave them UVA light therapy – otherwise known as PUVA. First developed back in the fifties and sixties, PUVA has been replaced with UVB because PUVA has been shown to increase the risk of skin cancer and UVB works just as well or better, but doesn’t appear to increase the skin cancer risk.

2000多年前，印度的病人被告知咀嚼巴瓦基种子，坐在外面晒太阳。种子中含有补骨脂素，一种用于现代白癜风治疗的化学物质。因此，虽然2000年前，人们知道白癜风并对治疗它感兴趣，但医生和科学家花了几千年的时间才发现它是如何工作的，并使治疗更有效。现代时代始于大约70年前，当时一些医生和人员将补骨脂素作为一种化学物质，作为局部皮肤溶液或药丸给患者，然后给他们进行UVA光——也就是PUVA。早在五六十年代就开始发展，PUVA已经被UVB取代，因为PUVA已经被证明会增加皮肤癌的风险，UVB的也一样或更好，但似乎不会增加皮肤癌的风险。

Today, the pace has picked up and even more research is happening in large part due to an increased availability of tools and interest from pharmaceutical companies. Vitiligo specialty clinics are located all over the world with four or five in the United States. And vitiligo scientists and dermatologists are collaborating globally through organizations like the Global Vitiligo Foundation and conferences to combine efforts towards ultimately finding a cure.

如今，这一速度已经加快，更多的正在进行，这在很大程度上是由于工具的可用性和制药公司的兴趣增加。白癜风专科诊所遍布各地，在有四五家。白癜风科学家和皮肤科医生通过白癜风会和会议等组织在范围内合作，共同努力找到治疗方法。

#2 Vitiligo Was Only Recently Recognized As An Autoimmune Disease

#白癜风近才被确认为一种自身免疫性疾病

Until recently, there was a lot of debate surrounding vitiligo as an autoimmune disease. In vitiligo, the melanocytes (pigment cells) are abnormal and attract the immune system, which ends up killing them. Unfortunately, the immune cells are attacking normal cells that aren’t causing problems. Although vitiligo is an autoimmune disease, there’s a lot more to the disease and investigations are continuing. It’s important to recognize that it’s autoimmune disease because there are a lot of treatments being developed that alter and modify the immune system, which means they could work for vitiligo. Building a foundation on these existing treatments that can intervene early and cut off the immune attack can save time on research and ultimately bring patients treatments sooner.

直到近，白癜风作为一种自身免疫性疾病引起了很多争论。在白癜风中，黑素细胞（色素细胞）异常并吸引免疫系统，杀死它们。不幸的是，免疫细胞正在攻击正常细胞，而这些细胞并没有引起问题。虽然白癜风是一种自身免疫性疾病，但该疾病还有很多问题，仍在继续。认识到这是一种自身免疫性疾病很重要，因为有很多治疗方法正在开发中，可以改变和改变免疫系统，这意味着它们可以治疗白癜风。在这些现有的治疗基础上建立一个可以早期干预并切断免疫攻击的基础，可以节省时间，并使患者的治疗更快。

#3 Research Can Be Categorized In Three Key Ways – And They All Matter

#3可以分为三大类——它们都很重要

Research in vitiligo is broken down into three types. Basic research is a term used to describe research that happens with cells in a dish or on animal models, including mice. Translational research is done with humans and involves taking blood and skin samples for analysis. The final type is clinical research, which involves giving patients medicine to test new drugs or understand how vitiligo changes in people over time.

白癜风的分为三种类型。基础是一个术语，用于描述对培养皿中的细胞或动物模型（包括小鼠）进行的。转化是在人类身上进行的，包括采集血液和皮肤样本进行分析。一类是，包括给患者药物以测试或了解白癜风是如何随时间变化的。

All three types of research are essential to fully understanding a disease. The University of Massachusetts Vitiligo Clinic and Research Center does all three types, integrating them to understand the big picture of vitiligo. Particularly, they’ve had success with translational research as more than 100 of their patients have been generous in donating blood and skin samples.

这三种类型的对于了解一种疾病至关重要。麻州大学白癜风诊所和中心做了三种类型的整合，以了解白癜风的大局。特别是，他们在转化方面取得了，因为他们的100多名患者慷慨捐献了血液和皮肤样本。

#4 The Key Pathway Responsible For Vitiligo Has Been Identified – And That’s Good News

#4导致白癜风的关键途径已经确定——这是个好消息

Imagine going to bed at night and needing to turn off the lights in your room. Ideally, you would reach over and use the lamp next to your bed instead of going to the basement and shutting down the circuit breaker for the whole house. In the same way, you don’t want to shut down your entire immune system just to make your vitiligo better.

想象一下，晚上睡觉时需要关掉房间里的灯。理想情况下，你应该伸手去用床边的灯，而不是去地下室，关上整个房子的断路器。同样，你也不想为了让你的白癜风好转而关闭你的整个免疫系统。

The good news is that doctors and scientists have now identified the key pathway responsible for vitiligo, which allows them to shut off the lights in your entire room – to continue with the metaphor – and the next wave of drugs will do that. The next step is to figure out how to turn off your lights with your single lamp switch – the most effective, safe way to treat vitiligo because it would have fewer side effects.

好消息是，医生和科学家现在已经确定了导致白癜风的关键途径，这使得他们可以关闭你整个房间的灯——继续这个比喻——下一波药物也会做到这一点。下一步是找出如何用单灯开关关灯，这是治疗白癜风有效、的方法，因为它会产生较少的。

#5 New Clinical Trials For Vitiligo Have Already Started And More Are Coming

#5项新的白癜风已经开始，更多的正在进行中

In the past 70 years, there have been only a couple clinical trials but the good news is that new trials are already underway and more are coming. Currently, the company Incyte is testing a new topical cream through a multicenter trial that will last two years.

在过去70年中，只有几项，但好消息是新的已经开始，更多的正在进行中。目前，Incyte公司正在通过一项为期两年的多中心测试一种新型外用乳膏。